Macrophagee Marker Activators
Macrophages are integral components of the immune system, known for their role in both initiating and resolving inflammation, as well as their ability to phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris. One way to study macrophages is by examining specific markers that are expressed on their surface or within the cell, which can change in response to various stimuli. These markers, which can include a wide array of proteins, are often used to identify the activation state or functional phenotype of macrophages. Understanding the regulation of these markers is crucial for elucidating the complex roles macrophages play in immunology. Researchers often investigate the expression of macrophage markers to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of immune responses and to explore how different environmental factors alter macrophage behavior.
Certain chemical compounds can serve as activators to induce the expression of macrophage markers, revealing much about the signaling pathways and regulatory networks that govern macrophage function. For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a well-documented stimulant that can induce the upregulation of numerous macrophage surface markers, highlighting the macrophage's role in antibacterial defense. Similarly, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is known to activate protein kinase C, which in turn can lead to the induction of marker expression associated with macrophage mobility and adhesion. Other compounds, such as synthetic double-stranded RNA mimics or specific bacterial cell wall components, can also trigger the expression of a variety of macrophage markers, shedding light on the innate immune recognition of viral pathogens and the response to bacterial infections, respectively. The study of these activators, and the macrophage markers they influence, provides valuable information about the dynamic nature of the immune responses in which macrophages are key players. This research is pivotal for advancing our understanding of the immune system's intricacies.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $98.00 $171.00 $425.00 $1560.00 | 12 | |
LPS is known to robustly induce the expression of macrophage markers such as CD14 and TLR4, triggering a strong innate immune response by simulating a bacterial infection. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA acts as a potent activator of PKC in macrophages, leading to the upregulation of markers like CD11b, which is involved in macrophage adhesion and mobility. | ||||||
Zymosan | 9010-72-4 | sc-296863 sc-296863A | 100 mg 1 g | $99.00 $599.00 | 1 | |
Zymosan triggers macrophage receptors like Dectin-1 and TLR2, resulting in the upregulation of co-stimulatory markers such as CD86, enhancing macrophage activation. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $67.00 $284.00 | 6 | |
Imiquimod engages TLR7 on macrophages, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine markers like TNF-α, a key mediator of inflammation. | ||||||
Monosodium urate (crystals) | 1198-77-2 | sc-202711 | 2 mg | $155.00 | 5 | |
These crystals, when taken up by macrophages, can induce the upregulation of inflammasome markers like NLRP3, which are instrumental in the processing and secretion of IL-1β. | ||||||
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | sc-202877B sc-202877A sc-202877C sc-202877D sc-202877 | 50 µg 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 100 µg | $220.00 $645.00 $1000.00 $1500.00 $440.00 | 32 | |
This metabolite of vitamin D3 stimulates macrophages to increase the expression of markers such as cathelicidin, which has antimicrobial properties. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $153.00 $292.00 $489.00 $1325.00 $8465.00 $933.00 | 22 | |
DL-Sulforaphane can induce the expression of Nrf2-dependent detoxification markers in macrophages, which are crucial for oxidative stress response. | ||||||
Budesonide | 51333-22-3 | sc-202980 sc-202980A sc-202980B sc-202980C | 50 mg 100 mg 200 mg 500 mg | $79.00 $90.00 $154.00 $350.00 | 3 | |
Budesonide is known to induce the expression of anti-inflammatory markers like IL-10 in macrophages, contributing to the resolution of inflammation. | ||||||