KDEL receptor Activators
KDEL receptor activators are defined in this context as a group of chemical compounds that indirectly influence the activity of the KDEL receptor through modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein folding processes. These compounds do not directly interact with the KDEL receptor but create conditions that necessitate the upregulation of KDEL receptor activity as a compensatory cellular response. The mechanisms of action of these activators are diverse, but they converge on the common pathway of inducing or modulating ER stress, thereby impacting KDEL receptor function. Compounds such as Tunicamycin and Thapsigargin work by disrupting normal ER functions, such as glycosylation and calcium homeostasis, respectively, leading to ER stress which in turn enhances KDEL receptor activity as part of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Similarly, Brefeldin A and Dithiothreitol (DTT) cause protein accumulation or misfolding in the ER, prompting a cellular response that includes the upregulation of the KDEL receptor.
The class of KDEL receptor activators also includes compounds like Auranofin and Chloroquine, which indirectly influence ER function and protein quality control, leading to increased KDEL receptor activity. In addition, proteasome inhibitors like MG132 contribute to protein accumulation in the ER, thereby necessitating enhanced KDEL receptor function. Chemical chaperones such as 4-Phenylbutyric acid and Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate play a role in alleviating ER stress, which can indirectly modulate KDEL receptor activity. Salubrinal and Geldanamycin further exemplify the diverse mechanisms by which these activators function, either by enhancing the ER stress response or by disrupting protein folding, respectively.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation, leading to ER stress. This can upregulate KDEL receptor activity as part of the cellular response to mitigate the effects of ER stress and maintain protein homeostasis. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $31.00 $53.00 $124.00 $374.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts Golgi-ER transport, leading to accumulation of proteins in the ER. This can indirectly activate the KDEL receptor as part of the cellular response to manage increased protein load in the ER. | ||||||
Auranofin | 34031-32-8 | sc-202476 sc-202476A sc-202476B | 25 mg 100 mg 2 g | $153.00 $214.00 $4000.00 | 39 | |
Auranofin induces oxidative stress, affecting ER function. This can lead to increased KDEL receptor activity as the cell responds to altered ER conditions and the need for enhanced protein quality control. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, leads to protein accumulation and ER stress. The resultant cellular response can involve upregulation of the KDEL receptor to manage increased protein load in the ER. | ||||||
4-Phenylbutyric acid | 1821-12-1 | sc-232961 sc-232961A sc-232961B | 25 g 100 g 500 g | $53.00 $136.00 $418.00 | 10 | |
4-Phenylbutyric acid acts as a chemical chaperone, alleviating ER stress. Its use can indirectly enhance KDEL receptor activity by modulating the ER stress response and improving protein folding efficiency. | ||||||
Salubrinal | 405060-95-9 | sc-202332 sc-202332A | 1 mg 5 mg | $34.00 $104.00 | 87 | |
Salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, enhances the ER stress response. This can lead to increased KDEL receptor activity as the cell copes with heightened ER stress. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $37.00 $69.00 $109.00 $218.00 $239.00 $879.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin impacts multiple cellular pathways, including those related to ER stress. Its broad effects can indirectly influence KDEL receptor activity by altering the cellular response to ER stress. | ||||||
Sodium phenylbutyrate | 1716-12-7 | sc-200652 sc-200652A sc-200652B sc-200652C sc-200652D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 10 kg | $77.00 $166.00 $622.00 $5004.00 $32783.00 | 43 | |
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, similar to its acid form, acts as a chemical chaperone, potentially increasing KDEL receptor activity through its effects on the ER stress response and protein folding. | ||||||
Geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | sc-200617B sc-200617C sc-200617 sc-200617A | 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $39.00 $59.00 $104.00 $206.00 | 8 | |
Geldanamycin, an Hsp90 inhibitor, can induce ER stress by disrupting protein folding, potentially enhancing KDEL receptor activity as the cell responds to increased misfolded proteins in the ER. | ||||||