HSV-2 Inhibitors
HSV-2 inhibitors represent a diverse class of chemicals that target various stages of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) life cycle, ultimately hindering viral replication and the establishment of infection. Among the direct inhibitors, nucleoside analogues such as Acyclovir, Penciclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Cidofovir, and Valacyclovir exert their effects by interfering with viral DNA polymerase, a key enzyme essential for the synthesis of viral DNA. These compounds, once phosphorylated, disrupt the elongation of the viral DNA chain, leading to premature termination and inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Additionally, Foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue, and Ribavirin, a guanosine analogue, directly target viral DNA polymerase, further contributing to the inhibition of HSV-2 replication. Another group of inhibitors includes Brincidofovir, a lipid conjugate of Cidofovir, and N-docosanol, which target viral DNA polymerase and viral entry, respectively. Brincidofovir, upon conversion to Cidofovir, inhibits viral DNA synthesis, while N-docosanol prevents fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes, impeding the entry of HSV-2 into host cells. These direct inhibitors collectively disrupt multiple stages of the viral life cycle, from entry to replication, presenting a comprehensive approach to inhibiting HSV-2.
Furthermore, Sorivudine, an analogue phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase, and Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, provide unique mechanisms of action. Sorivudine inhibits viral DNA synthesis by acting as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, while Imiquimod indirectly inhibits HSV-2 by stimulating antiviral immune responses. This highlights the versatility of HSV-2 inhibitors in targeting different aspects of viral replication and host-virus interactions. In summary, the chemical class of HSV-2 inhibitors encompasses a range of compounds with diverse mechanisms of action, including direct interference with viral DNA synthesis, inhibition of viral entry, and modulation of host immune responses. These inhibitors collectively represent a formidable arsenal in the battle against HSV-2, offering multiple strategies to impede viral replication and mitigate the impact of infection within the host.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acyclovir | 59277-89-3 | sc-202906 sc-202906A | 50 mg 500 mg | $147.00 $922.00 | 2 | |
Acyclovir is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It directly interferes with the replication of HSV-2 by incorporating into the growing viral DNA chain, leading to premature termination and inhibition of viral DNA synthesis, thereby impeding viral replication. | ||||||
Penciclovir | 39809-25-1 | sc-203183 | 100 mg | $255.00 | ||
Penciclovir, a nucleoside analogue, inhibits viral DNA polymerase similar to Acyclovir. It undergoes phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase, and subsequent phosphorylation by cellular kinases, leading to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. This direct inhibition disrupts the replication cycle of HSV-2, hindering the production of new viral particles. | ||||||
Famciclovir | 104227-87-4 | sc-211498 | 100 mg | $123.00 | ||
Famciclovir is a prodrug that is converted to Penciclovir in the body. Once activated, Penciclovir exerts its inhibitory effects on HSV-2 replication by interfering with viral DNA polymerase, thereby disrupting viral DNA synthesis and hindering the progression of the viral life cycle. Famciclovir provides a direct route for inhibiting HSV-2 by targeting the essential viral DNA synthesis process. | ||||||
Ganciclovir | 82410-32-0 | sc-203963 sc-203963A | 50 mg 250 mg | $228.00 $413.00 | 1 | |
Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analogue with a mechanism similar to Acyclovir. It is phosphorylated by viral and cellular kinases, leading to inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Ganciclovir's direct interference with viral DNA polymerase disrupts the replication of HSV-2, inhibiting the production of infectious viral particles and impeding the spread of the virus within the host. | ||||||
Cidofovir | 113852-37-2 | sc-482141 | 50 mg | $135.00 | ||
Cidofovir is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It is phosphorylated by cellular kinases, leading to the incorporation of the active form into growing viral DNA chains. This direct inhibition results in the termination of viral DNA synthesis, disrupting the replication of HSV-2 and preventing the generation of new infectious virions within host cells. | ||||||
Foscarnet sodium | 63585-09-1 | sc-205330 sc-205330A | 1 g 5 g | $186.00 $663.00 | ||
Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It directly binds to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme, preventing the cleavage of pyrophosphate during DNA synthesis. This direct inhibition disrupts the catalytic activity of viral DNA polymerase, hindering the replication of HSV-2 by blocking the elongation of the viral DNA chain and impeding the production of infectious virions. | ||||||
Valacyclovir Hydrochloride | 124832-27-5 | sc-204937 sc-204937A | 50 mg 100 mg | $117.00 $150.00 | ||
Valacyclovir is an oral prodrug of Acyclovir. After absorption, it undergoes enzymatic conversion to Acyclovir. The active form inhibits viral DNA polymerase, directly interfering with the synthesis of viral DNA. This direct inhibition disrupts the replication of HSV-2 by preventing the elongation of the viral DNA chain, ultimately impeding the production of infectious viral particles within the host. | ||||||
Ribavirin | 36791-04-5 | sc-203238 sc-203238A sc-203238B | 10 mg 100 mg 5 g | $62.00 $108.00 $210.00 | 1 | |
Ribavirin is a guanosine analogue that inhibits viral RNA and DNA synthesis. While the precise mechanism is not fully elucidated, Ribavirin's direct inhibition likely involves interference with viral polymerases and nucleotide pool modulation. This disrupts the replication of HSV-2, inhibiting the synthesis of viral genetic material and impeding the production of infectious viral particles within host cells. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $66.00 $278.00 | 6 | |
Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, stimulates the production of interferons and other cytokines. While not a direct inhibitor, its indirect effects involve the activation of antiviral immune responses. This modulation can lead to the inhibition of HSV-2 replication by enhancing the host's innate immune defenses, including interferon-mediated pathways that restrict viral spread and reduce the severity of infection. | ||||||