CCDC91 Activators
Chemical activators of CCDC91 function by modulating the cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a key secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways. Forskolin acts directly on adenylate cyclase, the enzyme responsible for converting ATP to cAMP, resulting in an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. This boost in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates CCDC91, thereby influencing its activity. Similarly, IBMX increases cAMP concentrations by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. This leads to sustained activation of PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate CCDC91. Epinephrine and isoproterenol, through their interactions with adrenergic receptors, also stimulate adenylate cyclase, causing a rise in cAMP and subsequent PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CCDC91. PGE2 and histamine operate through their respective G-protein coupled receptors to elevate cAMP and activate PKA, which then targets CCDC91 for phosphorylation.
The action of dopamine, like that of epinephrine and histamine, involves stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors leading to increased adenylate cyclase activity and elevated cAMP levels, which facilitate PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of CCDC91. Cholera toxin permanently activates the Gs alpha subunit, causing relentless stimulation of adenylate cyclase and a consequent chronic increase in cAMP, which results in PKA engaging in the continuous phosphorylation of CCDC91. Rolipram, by selectively inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4, and anagrelide, through inhibition of phosphodiesterase III, both prevent the breakdown of cAMP, thereby enhancing PKA activity and promoting the phosphorylation of CCDC91. Beta-adrenergic agonists like terbutaline and salbutamol bind to their respective receptors and stimulate adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels. This elevation in cAMP enables PKA to phosphorylate CCDC91, influencing its activity within the cell.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP upregulates protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which can phosphorylate and thereby activate CCDC91 as part of downstream signaling cascades. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which leads to an accumulation of cAMP by preventing its breakdown. This elevation in cAMP levels can enhance PKA activity, which in turn may phosphorylate and activate CCDC91. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, which can lead to the activation of adenylate cyclase and subsequent increase in cAMP levels. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which may phosphorylate and activate CCDC91 as part of its target protein substrate set. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that stimulates adenylate cyclase via Gs protein coupling, leading to increased cAMP levels. This activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may result in the phosphorylation and activation of CCDC91. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with G-protein coupled receptors that can activate adenylate cyclase, causing a rise in cAMP levels which activates PKA. PKA could then phosphorylate and activate CCDC91 as part of its cellular response. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can bind to H2 receptors that are coupled with Gs proteins, activating adenylate cyclase, and increasing cAMP levels. The enhanced PKA activity may phosphorylate and activate CCDC91 within the signaling pathway. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine can activate dopamine receptors that are coupled to Gs proteins, leading to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels. The resulting PKA activation can contribute to the phosphorylation and activation of CCDC91. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in cells. This enhancement in cAMP can activate PKA, which potentially phosphorylates and activates CCDC91 through downstream effects. | ||||||
Terbutaline Hemisulfate | 23031-32-5 | sc-204911 sc-204911A | 1 g 5 g | $90.00 $371.00 | 2 | |
Terbutaline is a beta2-adrenergic agonist that activates adenylate cyclase through Gs protein-coupled receptor signaling, increasing cAMP and activating PKA. PKA can then phosphorylate and activate CCDC91 as a downstream event. | ||||||
Salbutamol | 18559-94-9 | sc-253527 sc-253527A | 25 mg 50 mg | $92.00 $138.00 | ||
Salbutamol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, binds to beta2 receptors, increasing adenylate cyclase activity, and cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of CCDC91. | ||||||