C2CD4D Activators

C2 calcium dependent domain containing 4D (C2CD4D) Activators comprise a class of compounds designed to indirectly enhance the activity of C2CD4D through the modulation of intracellular calcium levels. For instance, calmodulin inhibitors such as W-7 can prevent calmodulin from binding calcium, thereby potentially increasing free calcium within the cell which can activate C2CD4D. Similarly, nifedipine and verapamil block L-type calcium channels, leading to a buildup of intracellular calcium, which in turn can enhance the activation of C2CD4D by providing more calcium ions for its calcium-dependent domain. Ryanodine and caffeine exert their effects by modulating the ryanodine receptor, which controls the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. By stimulating this release, these compounds increase the levels of calcium available for C2CD4D activation. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, lead to increased cytosolic calcium that can bind to and enhance the activity of C2CD4D.

Bay K 8644, as an L-type calcium channelagonist, directly increases calcium influx, thereby enhancing C2CD4D activity due to the increased availability of calcium ions for binding. SKF-96365, while initially inhibiting receptor-mediated calcium entry, can induce alternative cellular mechanisms to increase calcium levels, which can then activate C2CD4D. The calcium ionophore A23187 directly increases intracellular calcium by transporting ions across the cell membrane, thus enhancing the activity of C2CD4D. Nimodipine, although similar in function to other calcium channel blockers, specifically increases intracellular calcium levels, which in turn can enhance C2CD4D activity by providing calcium ions for its activation.