β-defensin 50 Activators
β-Defensin 50 emerges as a crucial player in the complex landscape of innate immunity, functioning as an antimicrobial peptide with profound implications for host defense against diverse pathogens. Its role revolves around bolstering the innate immune response, serving as a frontline defender in the host's arsenal against microbial challenges. Activation of β-defensin 50 involves a intricate interplay of cellular signaling pathways influenced by diverse chemical activators. Compounds such as retinoic acid, thiazolidinedione, sulforaphane, butyrate, genistein, resveratrol, 5-azacytidine, alpha-lipoic acid, luteolin, diallyl disulfide, EGCG, and quercetin contribute to the up-regulation of β-defensin 50 through distinct mechanisms. Retinoic acid directly activates β-defensin 50 by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), leading to enhanced transcription. Thiazolidinediones stimulate β-defensin 50 through PPARγ activation, reinforcing the innate immune response. Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 50 via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, contributing to antimicrobial defense. Butyrate acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, promoting an open chromatin structure and elevating β-defensin 50 expression.
Genistein indirectly activates β-defensin 50 by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, relieving FoxO3a-mediated transcriptional inhibition. Resveratrol modulates the Nrf2/ARE pathway, enhancing β-defensin 50 expression as an antioxidant. 5-Azacytidine directly activates β-defensin 50 by demethylating the promoter region, relieving epigenetic repression. Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 50 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway, strengthening the antimicrobial defense. Luteolin and quercetin modulate the AP-1 pathway, positively regulating β-defensin 50 synthesis. Diallyl disulfide influences the MAPK pathway, enhancing β-defensin 50 transcription. EGCG inhibits the NF-κB pathway, leading to increased β-defensin 50 expression. Understanding these intricacies not only sheds light on the regulation of β-defensin 50 but also opens avenues for manipulating innate immunity to enhance the host's ability to combat microbial challenges. The convergence of chemical activators highlights the intricate interplay of signaling pathways in regulating β-defensin 50, emphasizing its role as a pivotal component in the defense against microbial threats.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid directly activates β-defensin 50 by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), forming a complex that translocates to the DEFB50 promoter. This enhances transcription, resulting in increased β-defensin 50 expression. The up-regulation contributes to innate immunity, reinforcing the antimicrobial defense against various pathogens. | ||||||
2,4-Thiazolidinedione | 2295-31-0 | sc-216281 | 50 g | $177.00 | 3 | |
Thiazolidinediones stimulate β-defensin 50 through PPARγ activation. Upon binding, PPARγ forms a complex with RXR, facilitating binding to the PPRE in the DEFB50 promoter. This enhances transcription, leading to increased β-defensin 50 expression and strengthening the innate immune response against microbial challenges. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 50 via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. By promoting Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, it facilitates Nrf2 translocation and binding to the DEFB50 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 50. | ||||||
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | sc-214640 sc-214640A | 1 kg 10 kg | $63.00 $174.00 | ||
Butyrate stimulates β-defensin 50 as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it promotes an open chromatin structure in the DEFB50 promoter region, facilitating increased transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in elevated β-defensin 50 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $26.00 $92.00 $120.00 $310.00 $500.00 $908.00 $1821.00 | 46 | |
Genistein indirectly activates β-defensin 50 by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. It hinders Akt phosphorylation, relieving its inhibition on FoxO3a. This allows FoxO3a to bind to the DEFB50 promoter, promoting transcription. This indirect activation leads to increased β-defensin 50 expression, reinforcing the innate immune response against microbial challenges. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates β-defensin 50 by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Acting as an antioxidant, it enhances Nrf2 translocation, promoting its binding to the ARE element in the DEFB50 promoter. This up-regulation contributes to the antimicrobial defense mechanism of β-defensin 50. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine directly activates β-defensin 50 by demethylating the DEFB50 promoter region. By inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, it alleviates epigenetic repression, allowing for enhanced transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in increased β-defensin 50 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 50 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. As an antioxidant, it promotes Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, facilitating its translocation to the DEFB50 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 50. | ||||||
Luteolin | 491-70-3 | sc-203119 sc-203119A sc-203119B sc-203119C sc-203119D | 5 mg 50 mg 500 mg 5 g 500 g | $26.00 $50.00 $99.00 $150.00 $1887.00 | 40 | |
Luteolin stimulates β-defensin 50 by modulating the AP-1 pathway. It inhibits c-Fos and c-Jun activation, suppressing AP-1 transcriptional activity. As a consequence, the negative regulation on DEFB50 expression is alleviated, leading to increased β-defensin 50 synthesis with antimicrobial implications. | ||||||
Allyl disulfide | 2179-57-9 | sc-252359 | 25 g | $78.00 | ||
Diallyl disulfide activates β-defensin 50 by influencing the MAPK pathway. It enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation, positively regulating AP-1, which binds to the DEFB50 promoter. This leads to increased transcription of β-defensin 50, fortifying the antimicrobial defense mechanism. | ||||||