Forskolin and db-cAMP are included due to their ability to raise cAMP levels, which can trigger cAMP-dependent pathways involving ARMC12. Ionomycin elevates intracellular calcium levels, stimulating ARMC12-related pathways. LY294002, by inhibiting PI3K, disrupts negative feedback mechanisms that may inhibit ARMC12, thus increasing its activity. Similarly, Okadaic Acid and Sodium Fluoride focus on the phosphatase-related controls on ARMC12; both of them inhibit phosphatase activity, thereby stabilizing ARMC12.
Retinoic Acid and 5-Azacytidine can work on the transcriptional level to upregulate ARMC12. Specifically, Retinoic Acid influences gene expression through nuclear receptors, while 5-Azacytidine inhibits DNA methyltransferases, thus affecting epigenetic control over ARMC12. EGF and PMA work through kinase-related pathways; EGF activates its receptor, which can lead to phosphorylation cascades elevating ARMC12, while PMA activates PKC, increasing ARMC12. Lastly, Resveratrol activates SIRT1, which may lead to upregulation of ARMC12, while Rottlerin's inhibition of PKC-δ could raise ARMC12 activity by affecting downstream signaling.
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