APRIL-TWEAK Activators
APRIL Activators are a diverse set of chemical compounds that indirectly enhance the activity of APRIL through distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Forskolin and Isoproterenol, by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, indirectly enhance APRIL's activity by activating protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate substrates within the APRIL signaling network, leading to its functional activation. Similarly, PGE2, through its EP receptors, and Ionomycin, by raising intracellular calcium, activate downstream kinases that phosphorylate proteins in pathways associated with APRIL, thereby enhancing its activity. PMA, as a direct activator of PKC, and Bryostatin 1, as a modulator of the same kinase, both contribute to the phosphorylation of proteins in the APRIL pathway, thereby promoting its functional activity. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, by interacting with its receptors, initiates signaling cascades that result in the activation of cellular processes where APRIL is a critical player, leading to an enhancement of its function.
The modulation of intracellular calcium levels by compounds like Thapsigargin and A23187 further influences the functional activity of APRIL by triggering calcium-dependent signaling pathways that intersect with APRIL's functional role. Bay K8644, by acting as a calcium channel agonist, enhances signaling pathways that involve APRIL, contributing to its activation. Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases, including JNK, which can modulate the stress response pathways engaging APRIL, leading to its increased activity. Lastly, Lithium chloride's inhibition of GSK-3 opens the door for the activation of various signaling pathways that can indirectly lead to the enhanced activity of APRIL, emphasizing the intricate web of intracellular signaling that governs the functional state of APRIL. Collectively, these activators work through unique yet interconnected pathways to amplify the cellular functions that APRIL modulates, without the need for upregulating its expression or direct binding interactions.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in cells. Elevated cAMP levels activate protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate and thus enhance the activity of proteins involved in the APRIL-mediated signaling pathways, leading to increased functional activity of APRIL without affecting the TWEAK gene directly. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin functions as a calcium ionophore, elevating intracellular calcium levels. Increased calcium can activate calcium-dependent kinases, such as calmodulin-dependent kinase, which can contribute to the activation of signaling pathways that are engaged by APRIL, thereby enhancing its functional activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Activation of PKC can lead to the phosphorylation of downstream proteins that are part of the signaling cascade in which APRIL is involved, ultimately leading to an increase in APRIL's functional activity. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $162.00 $316.00 $559.00 $889.00 $1693.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) interacts with S1P receptors, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that can lead to the functional activation of APRIL. S1P signaling is known to influence cell survival and proliferation, processes that may involve APRIL, thus potentiating its activity. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 binds to its G protein-coupled receptors (EP receptors), activating cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signaling. This signaling cascade can enhance the activity of APRIL by increasing the phosphorylation of proteins within the APRIL-associated signaling pathways, which are essential for its functional activity. | ||||||
(±)-Bay K 8644 | 71145-03-4 | sc-203324 sc-203324A sc-203324B | 1 mg 5 mg 50 mg | $82.00 $192.00 $801.00 | ||
Bay K8644 acts as a calcium channel agonist, which leads to increased calcium influx. The elevated intracellular calcium can activate pathways, including those involving calmodulin-dependent kinase, which can enhance the functional activity of APRIL by increasing the activity of proteins within the APRIL-associated signaling cascade. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a potent activator of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), including JNK. Activation of these kinases can enhance the activity of APRIL by modulating the stress response pathways that APRIL is involved in, leading to increased functional activity. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), causing an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. The rise in calcium can activate signaling pathways that indirectly enhance the functional activity of APRIL by stimulating proteins within the APRIL signaling network. | ||||||
Bryostatin 1 | 83314-01-6 | sc-201407 | 10 µg | $240.00 | 9 | |
Bryostatin 1 is a PKC modulator that can activate or downregulate PKC depending on the context. When it activates PKC, it can enhance the signaling pathways that involve APRIL, leading to an increase in its functional activity. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Inhibition of GSK-3 can lead to the activation of pathways that indirectly enhance the activity of APRIL, as GSK-3 influences several signaling pathways crucial for cell function and survival where APRIL may play a role. | ||||||