AMPD3 Inhibitors
AMPD3 Inhibitors encompass a range of chemical compounds that interfere with the enzyme adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3 (AMPD3) through various biochemical mechanisms. Methylene Blue, through its redox cycling capability, can disrupt cellular redox states, impair ATP synthesis, and increase AMP levels. This elevated AMP can eventually lead to substrate depletion for AMPD3, thereby inhibiting its function. Ribose, being a precursor for AMP synthesis, can lead to product inhibition of AMPD3 by accumulating high levels of AMP, which can prevent the enzyme from catalyzing the conversion of AMP to inosine monophosphate (IMP). Polyethylene Glycol creates osmotic stress that can alter nucleotide pools and inhibit AMPD3 through substrate availability shifts or enzyme conformation changes.
Sodium Azide, by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, decreases ATP production and raises AMP levels, which can lead to feedback inhibition of AMPD3. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, increases hypoxanthine levels, which can be salvaged into AMP, potentially inhibiting AMPD3 through an accumulation of its substrate. Mycophenolic Acid, through the inhibition of IMPDH, decreases GMP levels, possibly inhibiting AMPD3 by disrupting the balance of nucleotide pools. Hydroxychloroquine, by altering lysosomal pH,could affect AMP recycling, hence inhibiting AMPD3 indirectly. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose hinders glycolysis, leading to ATP reduction and AMP accumulation, which may inhibit AMPD3 through feedback mechanisms. AICAR, an AMP analog, activates AMPK, leading to increased ATP generation and reduced AMP levels, indirectly inhibiting AMPD3 due to a lack of substrate. Rotenone, by targeting mitochondrial complex I, reduces ATP synthesis, and increased AMP levels may inhibit AMPD3 activity through substrate feedback inhibition.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methylene blue | 61-73-4 | sc-215381B sc-215381 sc-215381A | 25 g 100 g 500 g | $43.00 $104.00 $328.00 | 3 | |
Redox cycling agent that can accept and donate electrons, disrupting cellular redox states. This disruption can impair ATP synthesis, leading to increased AMP levels which AMPD3 converts to IMP and ammonia, effectively resulting in inhibition of AMPD3 due to substrate depletion. | ||||||
Sodium azide | 26628-22-8 | sc-208393 sc-208393B sc-208393C sc-208393D sc-208393A | 25 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg 100 g | $43.00 $155.00 $393.00 $862.00 $90.00 | 8 | |
Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to decreased ATP production and increased AMP levels. Increased AMP can result in feedback inhibition of AMPD3, limiting its activity. | ||||||
Allopurinol | 315-30-0 | sc-207272 | 25 g | $131.00 | ||
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor that prevents the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, leading to increased hypoxanthine, which can be salvaged into AMP, potentially causing feedback inhibition of AMPD3. | ||||||
Mycophenolic acid | 24280-93-1 | sc-200110 sc-200110A | 100 mg 500 mg | $69.00 $266.00 | 8 | |
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), leading to decreased GMP levels and potentially causing an imbalance in nucleotide pools that may inhibit AMPD3 by altering its substrate availability. | ||||||
hydroxychloroquine | 118-42-3 | sc-507426 | 5 g | $57.00 | 1 | |
Lysosomotropic agent that increases lysosomal pH, affecting autophagy and possibly leading to altered nucleotide recycling. This could inhibit AMPD3 by reducing the availability of AMP as a substrate. | ||||||
2-Deoxy-D-glucose | 154-17-6 | sc-202010 sc-202010A | 1 g 5 g | $70.00 $215.00 | 26 | |
Glucose analog that inhibits glycolysis by blocking hexokinase. This inhibition can lead to a reduction in ATP levels and an increase in AMP, potentially causing feedback inhibition of AMPD3. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $65.00 $280.00 $400.00 | 48 | |
AMP analog that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can increase catabolic processes to generate ATP, thereby reducing AMP levels and inhibiting AMPD3 due to substrate depletion. | ||||||
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | sc-203242 sc-203242A | 1 g 5 g | $89.00 $259.00 | 41 | |
Inhibits mitochondrial complex I, leading to reduced ATP synthesis and increased AMP levels, which may result in feedback inhibition of AMPD3 due to elevated levels of its substrate AMP. | ||||||
Suramin sodium | 129-46-4 | sc-507209 sc-507209F sc-507209A sc-507209B sc-507209C sc-507209D sc-507209E | 50 mg 100 mg 250 mg 1 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $152.00 $214.00 $728.00 $2601.00 $10965.00 $21838.00 $41096.00 | 5 | |
Multitargeted inhibitor known to affect various enzymes, could potentially interact with AMPD3 directly or its regulators, leading to inhibition of its enzymatic activity by altering its conformation or substrate accessibility. | ||||||
Concanavalin A | 11028-71-0 | sc-203007 sc-203007A sc-203007B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $119.00 $364.00 $947.00 | 17 | |
Lectin that binds to glycoproteins; by binding to cell surface glycoproteins, it can signal through glycan-related pathways and potentially inhibit AMPD3 by altering cellular signaling and nucleotide metabolism. | ||||||