ABTB2 Activators
ABTB2 can trigger a cascade of intracellular events that lead to its activation through various mechanisms primarily involving the modulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Forskolin, by directly activating adenylyl cyclase, increases cAMP production, which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA). This enzyme plays a crucial role in the phosphorylation of proteins, including ABTB2, which alters its activity state. IBMX, with its capacity to inhibit a range of phosphodiesterases, prevents the breakdown of cAMP, thus sustaining an environment conducive to the PKA-mediated activation of ABTB2. Epinephrine and isoproterenol, both adrenergic receptor agonists, elevate cAMP levels through G protein-coupled receptor signaling, promoting PKA activity and subsequent phosphorylation of ABTB2. A PDE4 inhibitor like Rolipram and Glucagon also raise cAMP levels, albeit through specific inhibition of PDE4 or activation of glucagon receptors, respectively, contributing to a similar outcome on ABTB2 activity.
Cholera toxin, by modifying the Gs alpha subunit, causes a prolonged increase in adenylyl cyclase activity, leading to elevated cAMP levels and enhanced PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ABTB2. Anisomycin, though primarily a protein synthesis inhibitor, can activate stress-activated protein kinases that may also phosphorylate and activate ABTB2. Sp-8-Br-cAMPS, a cAMP analog, directly activates PKA, thus potentially promoting the phosphorylation of ABTB2. In contrast, okadaic acid, by inhibiting protein phosphatases, decreases the dephosphorylation rate, which could lead to a sustained activation state of ABTB2. PGE2, through its own set of G protein-coupled receptors, can lead to increased cAMP and PKA activity, potentially enhancing the phosphorylation state of ABTB2. Lastly, zaprinast, while primarily affecting cGMP levels, can also indirectly lead to increased cAMP, contributing to the activation of PKA and subsequent phosphorylation of ABTB2.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a secondary messenger known to enhance the activity of a variety of proteins by altering their phosphorylation status. ABTB2, as a protein potentially regulated by phosphorylation, would have its activity modulated as the cellular environment shifts in favor of phosphorylation due to elevated cAMP. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes responsible for breaking down cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX indirectly maintains higher cAMP levels, which can enhance protein activation via phosphorylation processes that may involve ABTB2. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors on the cell surface, which can lead to increased cAMP production through G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Elevated cAMP can enhance the phosphorylation of proteins which may include ABTB2, thereby increasing its activity. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a synthetic agonist of beta-adrenergic receptors which subsequently increases intracellular cAMP levels. Higher cAMP levels activate PKA, which could phosphorylate and activate ABTB2. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) like JNK. While its primary action is inhibition, the activation of SAPKs could lead to phosphorylation events that activate ABTB2. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels due to decreased dephosphorylation. This could result in the maintained activation of ABTB2 through its phosphorylated state. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to its G protein-coupled receptors, which can lead to increased intracellular cAMP and activation of PKA. The phosphorylation cascade initiated may include the activation of ABTB2. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits PDE5, which prevents the breakdown of cGMP to GMP. Although it primarily affects cGMP, the increase in cGMP can lead to a cross-talk increase in cAMP levels, indirectly promoting PKA activity and potentially enhancing phosphorylation and activation of ABTB2. | ||||||