VapA Antibody (E-6): sc-390576

VapA Antibody (E-6) is a mouse monoclonal IgG2a kappa light chain antibody that detects VapA protein of R. equi origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VapA (E-6) antibody is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including agarose, phycoerythrin (PE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates, providing versatility for different experimental needs. VapA protein, a critical virulence factor, plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive bacterium responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals and immunocompromised humans. Understanding VapA structure is essential, as VapA consists of 206 amino acids and is encoded by the virulence plasmid pREAT701 (p33701). Unique structural features of VapA allow interaction with host immune cells, evading immune response and facilitating infection. Infected foals typically mount an immune response against R. equi, with predominant production of antibodies against VapA, highlighting VapA importance as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. VapA presence is crucial for R. equi survival in the host, making anti-VapA antibody (E-6) an invaluable tool for researchers studying this pathogen and its interactions with the immune system.

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VapA Antibody (E-6) References:

1. DNA sequence and comparison of virulence plasmids from Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103.  |  Takai, S., et al. 2000. Infect Immun. 68: 6840-7. PMID: 11083803
2. Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins.  |  Hooper-McGrevy, KE., et al. 2003. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 10: 345-51. PMID: 12738629
3. Deletion of vapA encoding Virulence Associated Protein A attenuates the intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.  |  Jain, S., et al. 2003. Mol Microbiol. 50: 115-28. PMID: 14507368
4. Rhodococcus equi secreted antigens are immunogenic and stimulate a type 1 recall response in the lungs of horses immune to R. equi infection.  |  Kohler, AK., et al. 2003. Infect Immun. 71: 6329-37. PMID: 14573652
5. The LysR-type transcriptional regulator VirR is required for expression of the virulence gene vapA of Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701.  |  Russell, DA., et al. 2004. J Bacteriol. 186: 5576-84. PMID: 15317761
6. VapI, a new member of the Rhodococcus equi Vap family.  |  Polidori, M. and Haas, A. 2006. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 90: 299-304. PMID: 16871422
7. Molecular characterization of Rhodococcus equi from horse-breeding farms by means of multiplex PCR for the vap gene family.  |  Monego, F., et al. 2009. Curr Microbiol. 58: 399-403. PMID: 19205798
8. Development of a live, attenuated, potential vaccine strain of R. equi expressing vapA and the virR operon, and virulence assessment in the mouse.  |  Whitehead, AE., et al. 2012. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 145: 479-84. PMID: 22088674
9. Development of ELISA test for determination of the level of antibodies against Rhodococcus equi in equine serum and colostrum.  |  Witkowski, L., et al. 2012. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 149: 280-5. PMID: 22883938

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-VapA Antibody (E-6) has 6 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

VapA Antibody (E-6) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: VapA

Product Clone Name: E-6

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG_2a kappa light chain

Amino Acids: 29-189

Epitope Target: virulence associated protein VapA

Epitope Species: Rhodococcus equi (strain: 103gb-synonym: Corynebacterium equiold-name: Rhodococcus equi)

Product Reactivity/Detection: virulence associated protein VapA

Species Reactivity/Detection: R. equi

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, ELISA

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG_2a kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 6 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for VapA Antibody (E-6): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, B: Biotin, FITC: Fluoroscein, PE: Phycoerythrin