Hinokitiol (CAS 499-44-5)

Hinokitiol, a natural tropolone derivative, has garnered significant attention in scientific research due to its diverse biological activities and potential applications. Studies have explaind its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. As an antimicrobial agent, hinokitiol exhibits broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, disrupting microbial membranes, inhibiting enzyme activities, and interfering with nucleic acid synthesis. Additionally, hinokitiol′s anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to its ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, and modulate immune cell functions. Moreover, hinokitiol demonstrates potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. Furthermore, hinokitiol has emerged as a promising anticancer agent, exerting cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell types through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Its ability to target different cellular processes makes hinokitiol a valuable tool for studying microbial pathogenesis, inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress-related disorders, and cancer biology. Researchers are actively exploring hinokitiol′s potential in various preclinical models, aiming to develop novel strategies for combating infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer, highlighting its significance in biomedical research and drug discovery endeavors.