Vmn2r93 Activators
Chemical activators of Vmn2r93 employ various cellular signaling pathways to exert their effects. Forskolin, a diterpene from the Indian Coleus plant, directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, thereby increasing the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) within the cell. This elevation in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates Vmn2r93, leading to its activation. Isoproterenol, a synthetic molecule mimicking the action of natural catecholamines, also elevates cAMP levels by stimulating adenylyl cyclase through beta-adrenergic receptor engagement. This activation cascade similarly results in PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Vmn2r93. Sodium Fluoride and Aluminum Chloride, through their allosteric effects, activate G-proteins which in turn can stimulate adenylyl cyclase, again resulting in the activation of PKA and subsequent phosphorylation of Vmn2r93.
Other chemical activators like Pilocarpine and Carbachol act through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor pathway, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3). This reaction releases calcium from intracellular stores, and the increase in intracellular calcium activates protein kinase C (PKC), which then phosphorylates Vmn2r93. Nicotine and Capsaicin both result in the activation of Vmn2r93 through an influx of calcium ions, with nicotine targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and capsaicin binding to the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The calcium ions, in turn, activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK), leading to the phosphorylation of Vmn2r93. Glutamate and Kainic Acid function as excitatory neurotransmitter agonists, leading to calcium influx through specific glutamate receptors, which then activates CaMK or PKC, culminating in the phosphorylation of Vmn2r93. Lastly, Ionomycin facilitates the transport of calcium across cellular membranes, raising intracellular calcium levels and activating CaMK, while Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly activates PKC, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of Vmn2r93.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylyl cyclase, thereby increasing intracellular levels of cAMP. Elevated cAMP can activate PKA (protein kinase A), which in turn can phosphorylate and lead to the activation of Vmn2r93 by altering its conformation or interaction with other intracellular molecules. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a synthetic catecholamine, functions as a beta-adrenergic agonist that increases cAMP in the cell by stimulating adenylyl cyclase. The rise in cAMP levels activates PKA, which then could phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Pilocarpine | 92-13-7 | sc-479256 | 100 mg | $250.00 | 1 | |
Pilocarpine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, can stimulate the phosphoinositide pathway. The activation of this pathway results in the production of IP3 and DAG, which leads to increased intracellular calcium and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC can subsequently phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Carbachol | 51-83-2 | sc-202092 sc-202092A sc-202092C sc-202092D sc-202092B sc-202092E | 1 g 10 g 25 g 50 g 100 g 250 g | $120.00 $275.00 $380.00 $670.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 12 | |
Carbachol acts as a non-selective cholinergic agonist that activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. This activation can lead to the stimulation of the phosphoinositide pathway, resulting in PKC activation. PKC can then phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Capsaicin | 404-86-4 | sc-3577 sc-3577C sc-3577D sc-3577A | 50 mg 250 mg 500 mg 1 g | $94.00 $173.00 $255.00 $423.00 | 26 | |
Capsaicin selectively binds to the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, which can cause an influx of calcium ions. This increase in intracellular calcium can activate CaMK, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of Vmn2r93. | ||||||
L-Glutamic Acid | 56-86-0 | sc-394004 sc-394004A | 10 g 100 g | $291.00 $566.00 | ||
Glutamate acts as an agonist at glutamate receptors, which can cause an influx of calcium through NMDA receptor channels. This rise in calcium can activate CaMK or PKC, each of which might phosphorylate and lead to the activation of Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Kainic acid | 487-79-6 | sc-200454 sc-200454A sc-200454B sc-200454C sc-200454D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 5 g | $85.00 $370.00 $1350.00 $7650.00 $24480.00 | 12 | |
Kainic Acid is an agonist for kainate receptors, a class of glutamate receptors, which can trigger an influx of calcium ions. The increased intracellular calcium can then activate CaMK or PKC, which can phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Sodium Fluoride | 7681-49-4 | sc-24988A sc-24988 sc-24988B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $39.00 $45.00 $98.00 | 26 | |
Sodium Fluoride can activate G-proteins independent of receptor activation, leading to the activation of downstream effectors such as adenylyl cyclase, which increases cAMP levels. This rise in cAMP can activate PKA, which can phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Aluminum chloride anhydrous | 7446-70-0 | sc-214528 sc-214528B sc-214528A | 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $92.00 $97.00 $133.00 | ||
Aluminum Chloride can activate G-proteins and influence second messenger systems such as the cAMP pathway. Activation of this pathway can lead to the activation of PKA, which then can phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is an ionophore that selectively binds to calcium ions and transports them across cellular membranes, raising intracellular calcium levels. The elevated calcium can activate CaMK, which can phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r93. | ||||||