PTPS Activators
PTPS Activators are a selection of chemical compounds that, through various mechanisms, enhance the functional activity of PTPS by increasing the demand for or regeneration of its product, BH4, which is essential for the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters and the regulation of nitric oxide synthases. Compounds such as Sepiapterin and Sapropterin, by supplying precursors and synthetic forms of BH4, respectively, alleviate the need for PTPS activity while also promoting the use of naturally synthesized BH4, thereby indirectly enhancing PTPS's role in BH4 production. Substrates for BH4-dependent enzymes, like L-Phenylalanine, L-Tyrosine, and Arginine, boost the cellular requirement for BH4, suggesting a back-driven enhancement of PTPS activity. Additionally, compounds such as Nifedipine and Calcium AA23187 indirectly increase the need for BH4 by impacting signaling pathways and enzyme activities that rely on this cofactor. GTP, the direct substrate for PTPS, could logically enhance PTPS activity by ensuring substrate availability, while Folic Acid and 5-MTHF contribute to the regeneration of BH4, supporting the functional cycle in which PTPS is a critical component. These compounds, when available in greater concentrations, may signal a cellular demand for increased PTPS activity to maintain sufficient levels of BH4 for critical biosynthetic reactions.
The functional activity of PTPS is intricately tied to the cellular levels of BH4, and the selected activators influence this relationship by various mechanisms. Ascorbic Acid, by regenerating BH4 from its oxidized form, ensures the sustained availability of this cofactor, indirectly reflecting on PTPS's activity. L-DOPA, the product of tyrosine hydroxylation, signifies active monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis, which could indirectly enhance PTPS activity by implicating a higher turnover of BH4. Through their distinct actions-whether by contributing to the synthesis of BH4, promoting the utilization of BH4 in enzymatic reactions, or aiding in the regeneration of BH4-these compounds collectively represent a network of indirect activators for PTPS. They underscore the protein's central role in maintaining neurotransmitter and nitric oxide synthase function by ensuring a steady supply of BH4, albeit without directly upregulating its expression or activity.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-Phenylalanine | 63-91-2 | sc-394058 sc-394058A sc-394058B | 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $114.00 $466.00 $693.00 | 1 | |
L-Phenylalanine is a substrate for phenylalanine hydroxylase, which requires BH4, produced by PTPS. By increasing substrate availability, L-Phenylalanine can indirectly enhance PTPS activity by increasing the demand for BH4. | ||||||
L-Tyrosine | 60-18-4 | sc-473512 sc-473512A sc-473512B sc-473512C | 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $52.00 $213.00 $1670.00 $8328.00 | 1 | |
L-Tyrosine is a product of phenylalanine hydroxylation and is also a substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase, another enzyme requiring BH4. Increased levels of L-Tyrosine can suggest higher enzymatic activity, potentially indicating an increase in PTPS activity indirectly. | ||||||
L-Arginine | 74-79-3 | sc-391657B sc-391657 sc-391657A sc-391657C sc-391657D | 5 g 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $20.00 $31.00 $61.00 $219.00 $352.00 | 2 | |
Arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, which requires BH4 as a cofactor. Increased arginine levels can enhance BH4 utilization, indirectly indicating an increase in PTPS activity. | ||||||
Nifedipine | 21829-25-4 | sc-3589 sc-3589A | 1 g 5 g | $59.00 $173.00 | 15 | |
Nifedipine modulates calcium channels, which can influence endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity that depends on BH4, potentially increasing the functional demand for PTPS. | ||||||
Folic Acid | 59-30-3 | sc-204758 | 10 g | $73.00 | 2 | |
Folic acid contributes to the regeneration of BH4 from dihydrobiopterin (BH2), potentially increasing the efficiency of BH4-dependent processes and indirectly enhancing PTPS activity. | ||||||
Guanosine-5′-Triphosphate, Disodium salt | 86-01-1 | sc-507564 | 1 g | $714.00 | ||
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is the initial substrate for PTPS in the synthesis of BH4. The availability of GTP can indirectly affect the activity of PTPS by providing the necessary substrate. | ||||||
Levodopa | 59-92-7 | sc-205372 sc-205372A | 5 g 25 g | $54.00 $171.00 | 9 | |
L-DOPA is a product of tyrosine hydroxylation and is used in dopamine synthesis, which requires BH4. Increased usage of L-DOPA could suggest increased synthesis of BH4, possibly enhancing PTPS activity indirectly. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
Calcium ionophore A23187 can increase intracellular calcium levels, which might influence nitric oxide synthesis and subsequently increase the demand for BH4, indirectly enhancing PTPS activity. | ||||||
L-Ascorbic acid, free acid | 50-81-7 | sc-202686 | 100 g | $46.00 | 5 | |
Ascorbic acid can regenerate BH4 from its oxidized form BH2. By maintaining higher levels of BH4, it can indirectly increase the functional requirement for PTPS. | ||||||