Protogenin Activators
Protogenin activators are a category of chemical compounds that affect the activity of a protein or group of proteins known as protogenins. These proteins are typically involved in various biological pathways and processes within the cell. The activators, by definition, are molecules that bind to protogenins and increase their biological activity. This increase in activity can lead to a change in the function or behavior of a cell due to the upregulated action of the protogenins. The chemical structure of protogenin activators can be diverse, reflecting the broad range of mechanisms by which they can engage with their targets. They may be small organic molecules, peptides, or even larger biomacromolecules, each designed or evolved to interact specifically with the protogenin's active site or a regulatory domain.
The study and characterization of protogenin activators involve understanding their interaction with protogenins at a molecular level, which includes the binding affinity, specificity, and the resultant conformational changes in the target proteins. These interactions are intricate and highly specific, often requiring precise alignment and orientation of the activator within the protein's structure to achieve the desired modulation of activity. The specificity is crucial as it dictates the selectivity of the activator for its intended protogenin target over other related proteins, minimizing off-target effects. Researchers employ a variety of techniques, including X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and computational modeling, to elucidate the binding modes of activators and the structural basis of their function. This molecular insight contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental aspects of cell biology and the intricate web of signaling pathways that maintain cellular homeostasis.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin elevates intracellular cAMP levels, which can lead to the activation of PKA. PKA then phosphorylates target proteins that may include those in the signaling pathways Protogenin is involved in, thereby enhancing its functional activity. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic Acid influences gene expression through its role as an agonist for nuclear retinoic acid receptors. These receptors can regulate gene expression and may affect the pathways that Protogenin is part of, leading to its enhanced activity. | ||||||
8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 23583-48-4 | sc-217493B sc-217493 sc-217493A sc-217493C sc-217493D | 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $106.00 $166.00 $289.00 $550.00 $819.00 | 2 | |
8-Br-cAMP is a stable analog of cAMP that activates cAMP-dependent protein kinases such as PKA. This activation can increase the phosphorylation state of proteins in Protogenin pathways, hence enhancing Protogenin activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore which increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium levels can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, potentially enhancing Protogenin activity if it is calcium-sensitive. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can then modulate various signaling pathways. If Protogenin is part of or interacts with PKC-regulated pathways, PMA could enhance its activity. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
H2O2 serves as a signaling molecule that modulates the activity of various protein kinases and phosphatases. Protogenin could be activated indirectly if it is regulated by redox-sensitive signaling pathways. | ||||||
(±)-S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine | 79032-48-7 | sc-200319B sc-200319 sc-200319A | 10 mg 20 mg 100 mg | $73.00 $112.00 $367.00 | 18 | |
Nitric oxide donors release nitric oxide, which can activate soluble guanylate cyclase and hence increase cGMP levels. This signaling cascade may enhance the activity of Protogenin if cGMP-dependent pathways are involved. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
dBcAMP is a cell-permeable analog of cAMP that activates cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. This activation can lead to enhanced Protogenin activity if it is regulated by cAMP-responsive elements. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium Chloride inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Inhibition of GSK-3 can lead to the activation of signaling pathways that may interact with or activate Protogenin. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that also activates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK. Activation of these kinases may enhance Protogenin activity if it is a part of stress response signaling. | ||||||