FAM81B Activators

FAM81B activators engage in a multitude of biochemical cascades to enhance the functional activity of this protein. One mechanism involves the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, either through direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase or inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity; this increase in cAMP in turn activates protein kinase A, a kinase capable of phosphorylating a range of substrates, thus potentially including FAM81B in its repertoire. Additionally, other activators can increase intracellular calcium concentrations, either through acting as ionophores or modulating calcium channels, which then activate calmodulin-dependent kinases that may phosphorylate and activate FAM81B. These pathways exemplify the indirect yet specific means by which the activity of FAM81B could be modulated through phosphorylation events.

Further avenues for FAM81B activation include the manipulation of the cellular phosphorylation landscape via inhibition of protein phosphatases, leading to a general increase in the phosphorylation state of proteins. Inhibitors of protein phosphatases such as PP1 and PP2A prevent dephosphorylation, thus potentially sustaining or enhancing the phosphorylated and active form of FAM81B. Additionally, modulation of stress-activated protein kinase pathways, including JNK activation, may also contribute to increased FAM81B activity through targeted phosphorylation. Even broad-spectrum kinase modulators, which can inhibit or activate kinases at varying concentrations, may inadvertently lead to an environment conducive to FAM81B activation.