TRα1/α2 Antibody (2103): sc-56873

TRα1/α2 Antibody (2103) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects TRα1/α2 protein of human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry with paraffin-embedded sections (IHCP). TRα1/α2 (2103) antibody is available as a non-conjugated format. Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) are crucial ligand-dependent transcription factors that play a significant role in regulating various metabolic and developmental processes within the body. Among the two identified genes encoding TRs, TRα and TRβ, TRα1 is noteworthy for its unique ability to localize within both the nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as its exclusive import into the mitochondrial matrix. This localization allows TRα1 to exert regulatory effects on gene expression not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria, where TRα1 can influence metabolic pathways and energy production. TRα2, a C-terminal variant of TRα1, does not bind thyroid hormones and acts as a dominant negative antagonist of thyroid hormone signaling, further emphasizing TRα1′s importance in maintaining the balance of thyroid hormone action. TRs′ ability to bind to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) and interact with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) highlights the complexity of their regulatory mechanisms, making TRα1/α2 (2103) monoclonal antibody an essential tool for researchers studying thyroid hormone signaling and its implications in health and disease.

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TRα1/α2 Antibody (2103) References:

1. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 regulates expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1).  |  Li, X., et al. 2002. J Biol Chem. 277: 28656-62. PMID: 12039959
2. Normal timing of oligodendrocyte development depends on thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRalpha1).  |  Billon, N., et al. 2002. EMBO J. 21: 6452-60. PMID: 12456652
3. Athyroid Pax8-/- mice cannot be rescued by the inactivation of thyroid hormone receptor alpha1.  |  Mittag, J., et al. 2005. Endocrinology. 146: 3179-84. PMID: 15802493
4. The orientation and spacing of core DNA-binding motifs dictate selective transcriptional responses to three nuclear receptors.  |  Näär, AM., et al. 1991. Cell. 65: 1267-79. PMID: 1648451
5. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1: a switch to cardiac cell 'metamorphosis'?  |  Pantos, C., et al. 2008. J Physiol Pharmacol. 59: 253-69. PMID: 18622044
6. The In Vitro Functional Impairment of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha 1 Isoform Mutants Is Mainly Dictated by Reduced Ligand Sensitivity.  |  Wejaphikul, K., et al. 2019. Thyroid. 29: 1834-1842. PMID: 31530256
7. Low thyroid hormone receptor alpha-2 (THRα-2) tumor expression is associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics and high breast cancer mortality.  |  Sandsveden, M., et al. 2021. Breast Cancer Res. 23: 117. PMID: 34930399
8. Phosphorylation enhances the target gene sequence-dependent dimerization of thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid X receptor.  |  Bhat, MK., et al. 1994. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91: 7927-31. PMID: 8058736
9. Hetero- and homodimeric receptors in thyroid hormone and vitamin A action.  |  Zhang, XK. and Pfahl, M. 1993. Receptor. 3: 183-91. PMID: 8167569
10. Phosphorylation selectively increases triiodothyronine receptor homodimer binding to DNA.  |  Sugawara, A., et al. 1994. J Biol Chem. 269: 433-7. PMID: 8276832
11. Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities.  |  Lazar, MA. 1993. Endocr Rev. 14: 184-93. PMID: 8325251
12. Interaction of human beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor and its mutants with DNA and retinoid X receptor beta. T3 response element-dependent dominant negative potency.  |  Meier, CA., et al. 1993. J Clin Invest. 92: 1986-93. PMID: 8408652

The preferred TRα1/β1 antibody is TRα1/β1 Antibody (C4): sc-740.