GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h): sc-408284
- Target species: human
- 20 µg of transfection-ready, purified plasmid DNA; Suitable for up to 20 transfections
- GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout (KO) Plasmid (h) is a pool of plasmids, each encoding Cas9 nuclease and a target-specific 20 nt guide RNA (gRNA) designed for maximum knockout efficiency using sequences derived from the GeCKO v2 library
- gRNA sequences direct Cas9 to induce site-specific double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the GRHL2 genomic locus, resulting in gene knockout through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)
- GRHL2 HDR Plasmid (h) (sc-408284-HDR) is recommended for co-transfection with GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h) to enable selection of successfully edited cells through HDR-mediated integration of a puromycin resistance cassette and RFP reporter gene
- GRHL2 HDR Plasmid (h) is a pool of plasmids, each containing a homology-directed repair (HDR) template corresponding to the gRNA target sites in the GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h)
- Each HDR plasmid contains two ~800 bp homology arms flanking the puromycin resistance and RFP cassettes, designed to bind genomic DNA sequences surrounding the Cas9-induced double-strand break site and facilitate precise HDR-mediated integration
- The puromycin resistance and RFP genes are flanked by LoxP sites, enabling removal of selection markers via Cre recombinase (Cre Vector: sc-418923) after establishing stable knockout cell lines
Ordering Information
| Product Name | Catalog # | UNIT | Price | Qty | FAVORITES | |
GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h) | sc-408284 | 20 µg | $397.00 | |||
GRHL2 HDR Plasmid (h) | sc-408284-HDR | 20 µg | $445.00 |
Overview
GRHL2 (grainyhead-like transcription factor 2) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates epithelial cell identity, differentiation, and barrier formation by controlling gene programs involved in cell junction assembly, polarity, and keratinization. It contributes to epithelial homeostasis through modulation of pathways linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), wound repair, and developmental morphogenesis, influencing adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Altered GRHL2 activity has been associated with dysregulated epithelial plasticity and changes in invasiveness, making it relevant to studies of carcinoma progression and metastasis. GRHL2 variants and expression changes are also implicated in epithelial developmental phenotypes, supporting its use as a node for investigating transcriptional networks in tissue integrity and disease-associated remodeling.
GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h) is a pool of plasmids designed for targeted disruption of the GRHL2 gene in human cell lines. Each plasmid in the pool co-expresses a unique sgRNA, targeting a distinct site within the GRHL2 locus, alongside the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease, and encodes GFP to enable fluorescent identification and enrichment of successfully transfected cells. This multi-guide strategy increases the likelihood of inducing frameshifts or deletions that produce a functional knockout, offering a more robust alternative to single-guide approaches. DSBs induced at multiple sites are resolved through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or, when used with the included HDR donor template, homology-directed repair (HDR) at a defined target site within the locus.
When used in conjunction with the RFP-expressing HDR donor, GFP and RFP fluorescence can be used together to distinguish transfected from edited cell populations, streamlining flow cytometry-based sorting and clone selection workflows.
Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) Donor — Puromycin Cassette with RFP Reporter
For applications requiring confirmed, selectable knockout clones, GRHL2 HDR Plasmid (h) includes an HDR donor construct containing a puromycin resistance cassette (PuroR) and a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter, flanked by homology arms specific to a defined GRHL2 target site.
When co-transfected with GRHL2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h):
- The PuroR-RFP cassette integrates at the Cas9 cut site via HDR, disrupting the GRHL2 open reading frame.
- RFP fluorescence provides an immediate visual indicator of successful integration, enabling fluorescence-based identification or sorting of edited cells prior to or alongside puromycin selection.
- Successfully edited cells are confirmed through puromycin resistance, substantially reducing clone screening burden.
- This selection strategy is ideal for generating stable, clonal KO cell lines for downstream functional studies, drug screening, or model development.
Cre-lox Cassette Removal System
The HDR donor construct features loxP sites flanking the PuroR-RFP selection cassette to allow clean marker removal following clone confirmation. Transient expression of Cre recombinase via the included Cre Vector: sc-418923 excises the cassette, leaving a minimal residual loxP site within the GRHL2 locus and eliminating potential confounding effects on downstream assays.
This two-step approach:
- Minimizes disruption to local chromatin architecture and neighboring regulatory elements
- Restores a near-native genomic context at the edited locus
- Enables reuse of the puromycin selection strategy in the same cell line for additional edits
Key Features
- gRNA targeting GRHL2 exon(s) critical for GRHL2 function
- Co-expression of SpCas9 and sgRNA from a single plasmid for simplified delivery
- HDR donor with puromycin resistance for positive clone selection
- loxP-flanked PuroR cassette with Cre recombinase vector for seamless marker removal
- Supplied ready to use for delivery by transfection
For Research Use Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Use.