GCDH Activators
Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase (GCDH) is a pivotal mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in the catabolic pathway of certain amino acids, including lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. This specific reaction is a key step in the complex process of amino acid breakdown, which, if disrupted, can lead to the accumulation of harmful metabolic byproducts. The proper functioning of GCDH is therefore essential for maintaining metabolic balance within the body. As a metabolic enzyme, GCDH is subject to regulation by various biochemical signals that can finely tune its expression in response to the body's metabolic state.
Research into the regulation of GCDH has uncovered a number of chemical compounds that can induce its expression, termed activators. These activators can initiate a cascade of intracellular events resulting in the upregulation of GCDH. For example, retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A known for its role in cell differentiation, may also play a role in upregulating GCDH expression through its interaction with nuclear receptors. Similarly, the compound forskolin is known to elevate cAMP levels, which can lead to the activation of protein kinase A and subsequent transcription of genes, including potentially GCDH. Insulin, a hormone central to the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, may also stimulate the expression of GCDH as part of its role in promoting the utilization of nutrients. Moreover, compounds like metformin, which activates AMP-activated protein kinase, could upregulate GCDH expression as part of cellular adaptation to energy demands. Additionally, hormones such as leptin and growth hormone, which are critical regulators of energy balance and growth, respectively, are also implicated in stimulating GCDH expression. Such activators of GCDH expression are of particular interest in understanding how the enzyme's activity is modulated in response to changes in the body's internal and external environment.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, through its interaction with retinoic acid receptors, can upregulate gene transcription. This action may specifically stimulate GCDH synthesis as part of the cellular differentiation and metabolism processes. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin elevates intracellular cAMP, which in turn can activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is known to phosphorylate transcription factors that can increase the transcription of certain genes, possibly including GCDH. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin can stimulate the uptake of glucose and amino acids, which may necessitate an increase in GCDH expression to manage the enhanced flux of metabolic intermediates. | ||||||
Metformin-d6, Hydrochloride | 1185166-01-1 | sc-218701 sc-218701A sc-218701B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $292.00 $822.00 $1540.00 | 1 | |
Metformin’s activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may stimulate a cellular energy conservation response, potentially upregulating GCDH expression as a compensatory mechanism to increase metabolic efficiency. | ||||||
Ob (hBA-147) | sc-4912 | 1000 µg | $258.00 | 1 | ||
As an adipokine, leptin can upregulate fatty acid oxidation enzymes. GCDH, being part of the fatty acid metabolic pathway, may also be upregulated in response to leptin's signaling. | ||||||
L-3,3′,5-Triiodothyronine, free acid | 6893-02-3 | sc-204035 sc-204035A sc-204035B | 10 mg 100 mg 250 mg | $41.00 $77.00 $153.00 | ||
Thyroid hormones, like Triiodothyronine (T3), can stimulate the basal metabolic rate, potentially necessitating an increase in GCDH expression to handle the augmented metabolic demands. | ||||||
β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid | 625-08-1 | sc-235338 | 5 g | $500.00 | ||
As a leucine metabolite, β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and may concurrently upregulate the expression of GCDH, which is involved in amino acid catabolism. | ||||||