ECHDC2 Inhibitors
ECHDC2 inhibitors are a series of chemical entities that limit the enzyme's activity in the beta-oxidation pathway by modulating the availability or processing of substrates. Compounds such as Palmitoyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA exert their inhibitory effects by engaging in competitive substrate inhibition and by limiting the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation, respectively. Palmitoyl-CoA directly competes with ECHDC2's natural substrates, while Malonyl-CoA suppresses the activity of CPT1, a critical enzyme for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria, which in consequence, diminishes ECHDC2 function due to a reduction in substrate flow. Other agents like Perhexiline and Etomoxir also target CPT enzymes, while Trimetazidine and Ranolazine interfere with enzymes either downstream or within the beta-oxidation pathway, leading to a feedback inhibition or a direct reduction in pathway flux, thus indirectly reducing ECHDC2 activity. Moreover, Mildronate's inhibition of carnitine synthesis and 4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine's inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase both result in decreased fatty acid oxidation, which can affect ECHDC2's role in this metabolic process.
Beyond substrate competition and pathway flux modulation, some ECHDC2 inhibitors exert their inhibitory effects through broader metabolic shifts. 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide, Hydrochloride, for instance, activates AMPK which leads to a complex metabolic adjustment that can result in reduced ECHDC2 activity, despite an initial increase in fatty acid oxidation. Hydroxycitrate's inhibition of ATP citrate lyase reduces the pool of acetyl-CoA necessary for fatty acid synthesis, which indirectly impacts the beta-oxidation pathway. Similarly, Nicotinic acid's limitation on lipolysis diminishes the release of free fatty acids, thus reducing the substrate availability for ECHDC2. Collectively, these inhibitors utilize diverse mechanisms that converge on the suppression of ECHDC2 activity, highlighting a complex interplay between various biochemical pathways and their impact on this specific enzyme function.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Malonyl-CoA is a known inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. ECHDC2 is involved in the beta-oxidation pathway. Elevated levels of Malonyl-CoA inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which is upstream of the pathway where ECHDC2 functions. This indirect inhibition reduces the availability of substrates for ECHDC2, leading to diminished enzyme activity. | ||||||
rac Perhexiline Maleate | 6724-53-4 | sc-460183 | 10 mg | $188.00 | ||
Perhexiline inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 and 2, which are involved in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. By inhibiting CPT enzymes, Perhexiline indirectly decreases the availability of substrates for beta-oxidation, thereby reducing the functional activity of ECHDC2 in this pathway. | ||||||
(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt | 828934-41-4 | sc-215009 sc-215009A | 5 mg 25 mg | $151.00 $506.00 | 3 | |
Etomoxir inhibits CPT1, reducing the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. This leads to a reduction in the availability of substrates for ECHDC2, indirectly decreasing its functional activity in the beta-oxidation process. | ||||||
Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride | 13171-25-0 | sc-220334 | 10 mg | $213.00 | ||
Trimetazidine inhibits long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, which is downstream of ECHDC2 in the beta-oxidation pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme can lead to an accumulation of intermediates that could inhibit ECHDC2 activity through feedback inhibition, resulting in diminished overall pathway flux. | ||||||
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide, Hydrochloride | 1115-70-4 | sc-202000F sc-202000A sc-202000B sc-202000C sc-202000D sc-202000E sc-202000 | 10 mg 5 g 10 g 50 g 100 g 250 g 1 g | $20.00 $43.00 $63.00 $156.00 $260.00 $510.00 $31.00 | 37 | |
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide, Hydrochloride activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibits fatty acid synthesis and increases fatty acid oxidation. Although increased fatty acid oxidation would typically increase ECHDC2 activity, AMPK also inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase, leading to reduced malonyl-CoA levels, thus relieving inhibition of CPT1 and potentially diminishing ECHDC2 activity indirectly. | ||||||
4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine | 32462-30-9 | sc-254680A sc-254680 | 5 g 10 g | $82.00 $109.00 | ||
4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine inhibits carnitine acetyltransferase, which is involved in the formation of acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA. By inhibiting this enzyme, 4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine can increase acetyl-CoA levels, potentially inhibiting beta-oxidation by the Randle cycle, thereby indirectly decreasing ECHDC2 activity. | ||||||
Ranolazine | 95635-55-5 | sc-212769 | 1 g | $109.00 | 3 | |
Ranolazine inhibits fatty acid oxidation enzymes and is known to partially inhibit beta-oxidation. By inhibiting beta-oxidation, Ranolazine can indirectly decrease the functional activity of ECHDC2 by reducing the flux through the pathway. | ||||||
Nicotinic Acid | 59-67-6 | sc-205768 sc-205768A | 250 g 500 g | $62.00 $124.00 | 1 | |
Nicotinic acid inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, which reduces the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. With fewer fatty acids available for beta-oxidation, the functional activity of ECHDC2 is indirectly diminished due to reduced substrate availability. | ||||||