CCDC91 Inhibitors

Chemical inhibitors of CCDC91 function by disrupting various aspects of the intracellular trafficking process, to which CCDC91 is integral. Wortmannin exerts its inhibitory effect through the blockage of PI3K, a kinase vital for the formation and trafficking of vesicles, which is a key process CCDC91 is associated with. Dynasore targets dynamins, GTPase enzymes necessary for the scission of newly formed vesicles from membranes. This action directly interrupts the vesicle trafficking steps that are crucial for CCDC91 function. Similarly, Chlorpromazine impedes the function of CCDC91 by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a pathway that involves CCDC91 in vesicular sorting and transport. Brefeldin A, on the other hand, disrupts the structure of the Golgi apparatus, through which CCDC91 mediates vesicular movement. This compound's disruption of Golgi function leads to a broad inhibition of vesicle trafficking and thus CCDC91 activity. Monensin interferes with Golgi function as well, but it does so by altering pH and ion gradients, which are essential for the maintenance of Golgi structure and function, and by extension, CCDC91's role in trafficking.

Additionally, Pitstop 2 shuts down CCDC91 function by blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis, preventing the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles, which are necessary for CCDC91's role in trafficking. Tyrphostin AG 879 and Genistein, both tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibit the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in vesicular trafficking pathways that CCDC91 is a part of. Nocodazole and Paclitaxel exert their effects on microtubules, with Nocodazole disrupting microtubule polymerization and Paclitaxel stabilizing microtubules, both leading to the inhibition of CCDC91 by affecting microtubule-dependent vesicle transport. Cytochalasin D inhibits actin polymerization, essential for vesicular motility, and thus impedes CCDC91 function by affecting the cytoskeleton. Lastly, Filipin III binds to cholesterol, disrupting lipid raft formation and function, which is also significant for the vesicular trafficking processes involving CCDC91, affecting membrane curvature and vesicle formation.