CaM II Activators
CaM II activators encompass a diverse array of chemical compounds that enhance the functional activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM II) through various biochemical mechanisms. Forskolin and Isoproterenol, for example, exert their effects by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which activate PKA. This kinase, in turn, phosphorylates and enhances the activity of CaM II, integrating the cAMP signaling cascade with calcium/calmodulin signaling. Similarly, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulates PKC, which phosphorylates substrates that can positively influence CaM II signaling pathways. Anisomycin acts as a stress-activated protein kinase activator, leading to downstream kinase activation thatcan enhance CaM II activity, while ionophores like Ionomycin and A23187 directly increase intracellular calcium concentration, facilitating CaM II activation through calmodulin binding. Okadaic Acid, by inhibiting phosphatases, maintains proteins in a phosphorylated state, indirectly sustaining CaM II activity.
Moreover, Nimodipine, by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels, indirectly upregulates CaM II activity due to elevated intracellular calcium levels. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Sildenafil both elevate cAMP levels, with Sildenafil also increasing cGMP, both of which can activate PKA and enhance CaM II activity. Lastly, Ryanodine affects calcium release through ryanodine receptors, modulating intracellular calcium levels that are crucial for CaM II activation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, which increases intracellular cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can then phosphorylate and enhance the activity of CaM II as PKA regulates a multitude of cellular processes including the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent rise in cAMP which, similar to Forskolin, indirectly leads to the activation of PKA. PKA phosphorylation is known to enhance CaM II activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate substrates that modulate the signaling pathways involving CaM II, thereby enhancing its activity indirectly. PKC activation is also implicated in the regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent processes. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a potent activator of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) and p38 MAP kinase, which can lead to the activation of downstream kinases that regulate CaM II activity. Anisomycin-induced phosphorylation events may enhance the functional activity of CaM II. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium levels. The increase in calcium can bind to calmodulin and activate CaM II through the calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanism. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187, another calcium ionophore, functions similarly to Ionomycin by increasing intracellular calcium concentrations and thus promoting the calcium/calmodulin-dependent activation of CaM II. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, preventing dephosphorylation of proteins. This results in an indirect enhancement of the phosphorylation state and activity of CaM II since dephosphorylation is diminished. | ||||||
Nimodipine | 66085-59-4 | sc-201464 sc-201464A | 100 mg 1 g | $61.00 $307.00 | 2 | |
Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker that indirectly increases the activity of CaM II by promoting a sustained influx of calcium, which in the presence of calmodulin, can activate CaM II. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $43.00 $73.00 $126.00 $243.00 $530.00 $1259.00 | 11 | |
EGCG has been shown to inhibit phosphodiesterases, which leads to an increase in cAMP levels and an indirect enhancement of CaM II activity through PKA-dependent phosphorylation pathways. | ||||||
Ryanodine | 15662-33-6 | sc-201523 sc-201523A | 1 mg 5 mg | $223.00 $799.00 | 19 | |
Ryanodine binds to and modulates ryanodine receptors, which are involved in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This modulation can result in altered calcium dynamics within the cell, potentially enhancing the activation of CaM II. | ||||||