Per1 Background Information Biological timepieces called circadian clocks are responsible for the regulation of hormonal rhythms, sleep cycles and other behaviors. The superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is located in the brain, was the first mammalian circadian clock to be discovered. A number of transcription factors appearing to be molecular components of the SCN clock have been identified. Mutations within the Clock gene increase the length of the endogenous period and cause a loss of rhythmicity of circadian oscillations. Three mammalian period proteins, designated Per1, Per2 and Per3, exhibit circadian rhythyms in the SCN. During subjective night, Per1 and Per2 RNA levels increase in response to light pulses while Per3 RNA levels show no change in response to light pulses. Tim, for timeless, interacts with Per1 as well as Per2; and Tim and Per1 negatively regulate Clock-BMAL1-induced transcription. Per1 protein isoforms display discrete cellular compartmentalization as well as tissue-specific size differences. The full size Per1 isoform is found principally in the cytoplasm while a shorter nuclear isoform also exists.
Per1 (C-20) Product Citations
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