Freund′s Complete Adjuvant: sc-3727A
- The mycobacteria in Complete Freund's adjuvant attract macrophages and other cells to the injection site which enhances the immuneresponse. For this reason, the Complete Freund's Adjuvant is used for the initial injections; Incomplete Freund's adjuvant is used for the subsequent boosts. Antigens (preferably in saline) are typically mixed with an equal volume of the adjuvant to form an emulsion. Freund's Adjuvants may be used to produce water-in-oil emulsions of immunogens. Antigens in water-in-oil emulsions stimulate high and long-lasting antibody responses which can be attributed to the slow release of antigen.
- available in 5 x 10 ml (sc-3727) and 10 ml (sc-3727A) sizes
- Store at 2-8° C
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Freund′s Complete Adjuvant (FCA), a potent immunostimulant, has been a cornerstone in scientific research for its ability to enhance the immune response to antigens and elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Its mechanism of action primarily involves its composition of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria combined with an emulsion of mineral oil and surfactants, which act as immunopotentiating agents. FCA functions by activating innate immune pathways, particularly Toll-like receptor signaling, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells to the site of injection. This initiates a cascade of immune events, including antigen uptake, processing, and presentation to T cells, ultimately resulting in the activation and expansion of antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes. Freund′s Complete Adjuvant has been extensively used in research settings to induce robust and long-lasting immune responses in experimental animals for the development of vaccines, the study of immune tolerance and autoimmunity, and the production of monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, it has been instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms of immune regulation and the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches, providing valuable insights into immune modulation and host-pathogen interactions.
Freund′s Complete Adjuvant References:
- Characterisation of a Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced model of chronic arthritis in mice. | Chillingworth, NL. and Donaldson, LF. 2003. J Neurosci Methods. 128: 45-52. PMID: 12948547
- Antiinflammatory effects of chiisanoside and chiisanogenin obtained from the leaves of Acanthopanax chiisanensis in the carrageenan- and Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced rats. | Jung, HJ., et al. 2005. J Ethnopharmacol. 97: 359-67. PMID: 15707776
- Calotropis procera latex extract affords protection against inflammation and oxidative stress in Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats. | Kumar, VL. and Roy, S. 2007. Mediators Inflamm. 2007: 47523. PMID: 17497032
- Protective effect of latex of Calotropis procera in Freund′s Complete Adjuvant induced monoarthritis. | Kumar, VL. and Roy, S. 2009. Phytother Res. 23: 1-5. PMID: 19048609
- Infection with an intestinal helminth parasite reduces Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in mice. | Shi, M., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 434-44. PMID: 20967852
- Imaging studies in Freund′s complete adjuvant model of regional polyarthritis, a model suitable for the study of pain mechanisms, in the rat. | Almarestani, L., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 1573-81. PMID: 21337537
- Synergistic activity of curcumin with methotrexate in ameliorating Freund′s Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis with reduced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. | Banji, D., et al. 2011. Eur J Pharmacol. 668: 293-8. PMID: 21693118
- Immunization with DNA topoisomerase I and Freund′s complete adjuvant induces skin and lung fibrosis and autoimmunity via interleukin-6 signaling. | Yoshizaki, A., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 3575-85. PMID: 21792823
- Evaluation of the concomitant use of methotrexate and curcumin on Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis and hematological indices in rats. | Patel, MK., et al. 2012. Indian J Pharmacol. 44: 425; author reply 426. PMID: 22701264
- Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-like syndrome in mice following stimulation of the immune system with Freund′s complete adjuvant: regulation by interferon-γ. | Avau, A., et al. 2014. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66: 1340-51. PMID: 24470407
- Antioxidant Effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima on Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund′s Complete Adjuvant in Rats. | Gutiεrrez-Rebolledo, GA., et al. 2015. J Med Food. 18: 865-71. PMID: 25599112
- Anti-arthritic activity of ethanol extract of Claoxylon indicum on Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice. | Chen, Y., et al. 2017. BMC Complement Altern Med. 17: 11. PMID: 28056924
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of honey bee venom on Freund′s Complete Adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. | Kocyigit, A., et al. 2019. Toxicon. 161: 4-11. PMID: 30825463
Ordering Information
| Product Name | Catalog # | UNIT | Price | Qty | FAVORITES | |
Freund′s Complete Adjuvant | sc-3727A | 10 ml | $60.00 | |||
Freund′s Complete Adjuvant | sc-3727 | 5 x 10 ml | $145.00 |