NFATc1 Background Information The NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) family of transcription factors include the cytoplasmic NFAT transcription factors (NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3, NFATc4 and NFATc5) and nuclear NFAT (NFATn). Although primary cytoplasmic proteins, the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of the NF-ATc family is essential to developmental, differentiation, and adaptation processes. NFATc1 is present in uninduced cells and translocates to the nucleus upon calcium mobilization. The phosphatase calcineurin promotes nuclear accumulation of NF-ATc. PKA causes phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of NF-ATc1 in direct opposition to calcineurin by phosphorylating Ser-245, Ser-269, and Ser-294 in the conserved serine-proline repeat domain.
