PPAR Gel Shift Oligonucleotides: sc-2587

PPAR Gel Shift Oligonucleotides are short DNA sequences meticulously engineered for use in gel shift assays, a fundamental technique in molecular biology research aimed at examining protein-DNA interactions. The acronym PPAR refers to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of nuclear receptor proteins crucial in regulating gene expression and metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. PPARs function as ligand-activated transcription factors, with three main isoforms identified: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-beta/delta, and PPAR-gamma. Upon activation by ligands such as fatty acids and their derivatives, PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and bind to specific DNA sequences, known as PPAR response elements (PPREs), within the promoters of target genes, thereby modulating their transcriptional activity. By utilizing PPAR Gel Shift Oligonucleotides in gel shift assays, researchers investigate the binding kinetics, specificity, and affinity of PPARs to their target DNA sequences under diverse experimental conditions. This technique enables the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPAR-mediated gene regulation and provides insights into the complex signaling networks governing metabolic and inflammatory pathways.

PPAR Gel Shift Oligonucleotides References:

1. The MEF2A and MEF2D isoforms are differentially regulated in muscle and adipose tissue during states of insulin deficiency.  |  Mora, S., et al. 2001. Endocrinology. 142: 1999-2004. PMID: 11316766
2. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mediates protection against cyclooxygenase-2-induced gut dysfunction in a rodent model of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion.  |  Sato, N., et al. 2005. Shock. 24: 462-9. PMID: 16247333
3. Differential induction of PPAR-gamma by luminal glutamine and iNOS by luminal arginine in the rodent postischemic small bowel.  |  Sato, N., et al. 2006. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 290: G616-23. PMID: 16257923
4. Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2.  |  Rockwell, CE., et al. 2006. Mol Pharmacol. 70: 101-11. PMID: 16611855
5. Enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression in monocyte/macrophages from coronary artery disease patients and possible gender differences.  |  Amoruso, A., et al. 2009. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 331: 531-8. PMID: 19644041
6. Leptin induces hypertrophy through activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α pathway in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.  |  Hou, N., et al. 2010. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 37: 1087-95. PMID: 20738325
7. Anti-inflammatory properties of clovamide and Theobroma cacao phenolic extracts in human monocytes: evaluation of respiratory burst, cytokine release, NF-κB activation, and PPARγ modulation.  |  Zeng, H., et al. 2011. J Agric Food Chem. 59: 5342-50. PMID: 21486087
8. Characterization of multiple enhancer regions upstream of the apolipoprotein(a) gene.  |  Wade, DP., et al. 1997. J Biol Chem. 272: 30387-99. PMID: 9374529