Freund′s Complete Adjuvant: sc-24018
- The mycobacteria in Complete Freund's adjuvant attract macrophages and other cells to the injection site which enhances the immuneresponse. For this reason, the Complete Freund's Adjuvant is used for the initial injections; Incomplete Freund's adjuvant is used for the subsequent boosts. Antigens (preferably in saline) are typically mixed with an equal volume of the adjuvant to form an emulsion. Freund's Adjuvants may be used to produce water-in-oil emulsions of immunogens. Antigens in water-in-oil emulsions stimulate high and long-lasting antibody responses which can be attributed to the slow release of antigen.
- 10x10 ml
- Store at 2-8° C
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Freund′s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) is a potent immunological enhancer widely used in research settings, particularly in the study of immune responses. Comprised of an emulsion of water and mineral oil, which includes killed mycobacteria (typically Mycobacterium tuberculosis), FCA acts by providing a sustained antigen release, thus prolonging the immune response. The presence of mycobacteria is crucial as it strongly stimulates the immune system, promoting a higher degree of cell-mediated immunity by activating macrophages and dendritic cells. This activation leads to the secretion of various cytokines, which in turn enhance the lymphocyte response against the antigen. FCA′s ability to induce a robust immune response makes it a valuable tool in immunological experiments that require strong stimulation, such as the production of high-affinity antibodies in animals against poorly immunogenic substances. In research, it allows scientists to study the mechanisms of immune activation and the complex interplay between different immune cells. However, its use is confined to laboratory settings due to its potential to induce severe inflammation and granulomas at injection sites, highlighting its role in understanding immune mechanisms rather than direct application in therapeutic contexts.
Freund′s Complete Adjuvant References:
- Characterisation of a Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced model of chronic arthritis in mice. | Chillingworth, NL. and Donaldson, LF. 2003. J Neurosci Methods. 128: 45-52. PMID: 12948547
- Antiinflammatory effects of chiisanoside and chiisanogenin obtained from the leaves of Acanthopanax chiisanensis in the carrageenan- and Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced rats. | Jung, HJ., et al. 2005. J Ethnopharmacol. 97: 359-67. PMID: 15707776
- Calotropis procera latex extract affords protection against inflammation and oxidative stress in Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats. | Kumar, VL. and Roy, S. 2007. Mediators Inflamm. 2007: 47523. PMID: 17497032
- Protective effect of latex of Calotropis procera in Freund′s Complete Adjuvant induced monoarthritis. | Kumar, VL. and Roy, S. 2009. Phytother Res. 23: 1-5. PMID: 19048609
- Infection with an intestinal helminth parasite reduces Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in mice. | Shi, M., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 434-44. PMID: 20967852
- Imaging studies in Freund′s complete adjuvant model of regional polyarthritis, a model suitable for the study of pain mechanisms, in the rat. | Almarestani, L., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 1573-81. PMID: 21337537
- Synergistic activity of curcumin with methotrexate in ameliorating Freund′s Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis with reduced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. | Banji, D., et al. 2011. Eur J Pharmacol. 668: 293-8. PMID: 21693118
- Immunization with DNA topoisomerase I and Freund′s complete adjuvant induces skin and lung fibrosis and autoimmunity via interleukin-6 signaling. | Yoshizaki, A., et al. 2011. Arthritis Rheum. 63: 3575-85. PMID: 21792823
- Evaluation of the concomitant use of methotrexate and curcumin on Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis and hematological indices in rats. | Patel, MK., et al. 2012. Indian J Pharmacol. 44: 425; author reply 426. PMID: 22701264
- Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-like syndrome in mice following stimulation of the immune system with Freund′s complete adjuvant: regulation by interferon-γ. | Avau, A., et al. 2014. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66: 1340-51. PMID: 24470407
- Antioxidant Effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima on Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund′s Complete Adjuvant in Rats. | Gutiεrrez-Rebolledo, GA., et al. 2015. J Med Food. 18: 865-71. PMID: 25599112
- Anti-arthritic activity of ethanol extract of Claoxylon indicum on Freund′s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice. | Chen, Y., et al. 2017. BMC Complement Altern Med. 17: 11. PMID: 28056924
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of honey bee venom on Freund′s Complete Adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. | Kocyigit, A., et al. 2019. Toxicon. 161: 4-11. PMID: 30825463
Ordering Information
| Product Name | Catalog # | UNIT | Price | Qty | FAVORITES | |
Freund′s Complete Adjuvant | sc-24018 | 10 x 10 ml | $209.00 |