Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic (CAS 7778-77-0)

Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic is a chemical compound composed of potassium (K+) and dihydrogen phosphate ions (H2PO4^-). As a fundamental reagent in scientific research, this salt is predominantly utilized for its buffering properties. The monobasic form of potassium phosphate is essential in creating buffer solutions that maintain a stable pH in biological and chemical systems, usually within the mildly acidic range. The mechanism of action for potassium phosphate, monobasic as a buffer, involves its ability to react with hydroxide ions to form dibasic potassium phosphate, thereby neutralizing excess base and stabilizing the pH. Conversely, it can react with additional acids to release hydrogen ions, thereby balancing excess acidity. This dual capacity makes it extraordinarily valuable in maintaining the pH equilibrium necessary for most biochemical processes, including enzymatic reactions where pH stability is crucial for enzyme activity and structural integrity. In research, potassium phosphate, monobasic is frequently employed in the preparation of phosphate buffers used in cell culture media, where it supports essential cellular functions and energy transfers, like ATP synthesis. It is also instrumental in molecular biology, particularly in DNA and RNA extraction protocols, where maintaining a specific pH is essential for the stability and integrity of nucleic acids. The chemical′s role is pivotal in various laboratory settings, ensuring that experimental conditions remain controlled and consistent.