p-β-Arrestin-1 (Ser 412)-R Antibody: sc-16639-R

β-Arrestin-1 Background Information
The members of the G protein coupled receptor family are distinguished by their slow transmitting response to ligand binding. These seven transmembrane proteins include the adrenergic, serotonin and dopamine receptors (1). Members of the b-Arrestin family regulate receptor binding to G proteins (2). One member of this family, b-Arrestin-1, whose expression is modulated by intracellular cAMP, is predominantly expressed in spleen and neuronal tissues (3,4). The function of b-Arrestin-1 is to facilitate clatherin-mediated endocytosis of the b2-adrenergic receptor and to promote agonist-induced activation of ERK, which is regulated by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation state of b-Arrestin-1 at Ser 412 (5). Cytoplasmic b-arrestin-1 is mostly phosphorylated at Ser 412 and dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane is required for targeting a signaling complex to the clathrin-coated pits. For example, dephosphorylation at Ser 412 mediates endocytosis-dependent ERK activation (5) and following activation, ERKs phosphorylates b-arrestin-1 to exert an inhibitory feedback control of its function (5,6).